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neonatal stroke
''Neonatal Stroke'', similar to a stroke which occurs in adults, is defined as a disturbance to the blood supply of the developing brain in the first 28 days of life.〔Aden, U. (2009). Neonatal Stroke Is Not a Harmless Condition. Stroke, 40, 1948-1949. .〕 This description includes both ischemic events, which results from a blockage of vessels, and hypoxic events, which results from a lack of oxygen to the brain tissue, as well as some combination of the two.〔Sehgal, A. (2011). Perinatal Stroke: a case-based review. European Journal of Pediatrics. .〕〔Derugin, N., Ferriero, D. M., Vexler, Z. S. (1998) Neonatal reversible focal cerebral ischemia: a new model. Neuroscience Research 32, 349-353.〕 A neonatal stroke occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 births, but is likely much higher due to the lack of noticeable symptoms.〔 One treatment with some proven benefits is hypothermia, but may be most beneficial in conjunction with pharmacological agents.〔Rees, S., Harding, R., Walker, D. (2011). The biological basis of injury and neuroprotection in the fetal and neonatal brain. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 29, 551-563.〕 Neonatal strokes may lead to cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, or other disabilities.〔Chauvier, D., Renolleau, S., Holifanjaniaina, S., Ankri, S., Bezault, M., Schwendimann, L., et al. (2011). Targeting neonatal ischemic brain injury with a pentapeptide-based irreversible caspase inhibitor. Cell Death & Disease, 2, 203. .〕 Well-designed clinical trials for stroke treatment in neonates are lacking, but some current studies involve the transplantation of neural stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells; it is not yet known if this therapy is likely to be successful.〔
== Characteristics ==
A neonatal stroke is one that occurs in the first 28 days of life, though a late presentation is not uncommon (as contrasted with perinatal stroke, which occurs from 28 weeks gestation through the first 7 days of life).〔 80% of neonatal strokes are ischemic, and their presentation is varied, making diagnosis very difficult.〔 The most common manifestation of neonatal strokes are seizures, but other manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, apnoea, and hemiparesis.〔 Seizures can be focal or generalized in nature.〔Chabrier, S., Buchmüller, A. (2003). Editorial Comment−Specificities of the Neonatal Stroke. Stroke, 34, 2892-2893. .〕 Stroke accounts for about 10% of seizures in term neonates.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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